Systematic method for designing constellations for intensity-modulated optical system

We consider the design of compact multisubcarrier constellations for intensity-modulated direct-detected optical systems. The constellations are designed to minimize the average electrical, average optical, and peak optical power for a given minimum distance between constellation points. We formulate the constellation design as a nonconvex optimization problem with second-order cone constraints, (nonconvex) quadratic constraints, and a convex objective function. We show that this problem can be relaxed to a (convex) second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem. We introduce a simple iterative method in which the SOCP relaxation is improved in each iteration. Several numerical simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our method. For the single-subcarrier case, the new constellations are compared with the best known formats in terms of power and spectral efficiency. Our new constellations outperform the corresponding face-centered cubic lattice and quadrature-amplitude-modulation-based constellations, with average electrical and optical power gains in the vicinity of 0.5 dB, for low symbol error rates. The corresponding peak optical power gains are also in the vicinity of 0.5 dB. By studying the mutual information inherent to the new constellations, we show that the potentials are still valid for coded systems. For the two-subcarrier case, we still outperform two-subcarrier schemes based on conventional constellations and optimized single-subcarrier constellations with the same dimensions

A frequency-domain receiver for asynchronous systems employing CP-assisted DS-CDMA schemes

In this paper we consider the uplink transmission within CP-assisted (Cyclic Pre¯x) DS-CDMA (Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access) systems and we present a frequency-domain MUD (MultiUser Detection) receiver with iterative estimation and compensation of residual frequency errors. The proposed receiver is suitable for broadband wireless systems, with performances that can be close to the single-user MFB (Matched Filter Bound), even for fully loaded systems and/or in the presence of strong interfering signals. The receiver is powerful enough for typical asynchronous scenarios, requiring only a coarse synchronization between users

Joint turbo equalization and multiuser detection of MC-CDMA signals with low envelope fluctuations

In this paper, we consider the uplink transmission in multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) systems. As other multicarrier signals, MC-CDMA signals have high envelope fluctuations and a high peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR), which leads to amplification difficulties. This is particularly important for the uplink transmission, since an efficient low-cost power amplification is desirable at the mobile terminals (MTs). Moreover, the transmission over time-dispersive channels destroys the orthogonality between spreading codes, which might lead to significant multiple-access interference levels. To reduce the envelope fluctuations of the transmitted signals, while maintaining the spectral efficiency, the MC-CDMA signal associated to each MT is submitted to a clipping device, followed by a frequency-domain filtering operation. However, the nonlinear distortion effects can be high when an MC-CDMA transmitter with reduced envelope fluctuations is intended (e.g., a small clipping level and/or when successive clipping and filtering operations are employed). In this paper, we define an iterative receiver that jointly performs a turbo multiuser detection and the estimation and cancellation of the nonlinear distortion effects. Our performance results show that the proposed receiver structure allows good performances, very close to the linear receiver ones, even for high system load and/or when a PMEPR as low as 1.7 dB is intended for each MT

A spectrally efficient transmission scheme for signals with large bandwidth

In this paper we consider single-carrier with frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) schemes where the transmission bandwidth is above the symbol rate. To allow high spectral efficiencies, several channels share the same bandwidth. Since the co-channel interference (CCI) levels can be very high, we propose iterative FDE receivers where we jointly detect all users sharing the same channel. Our performance results show that we can have excellent performances, even with several users sharing the same channel. In fact, we can have the maximum theoretical spectral efficiency even with signals that have bandwidth substantially above the symbol rate

A technique for reducing the PMEPR of MC-CDMA signals

In this paper we consider the use of MCCDMA (Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access) schemes with a frequency-domain orthogonal spreading. The transmitter structure is especially modified for reducing the envelope fluctuations of the transmitted signals. An analytical approach for the performance evaluation is also included which relies on the Gaussian characteristics of MC signals with a high number of suhcarriers. A set of performance results is presented. Our performance results show that the proposed transmitter structure is adequate for power-efficient MC-CDMA transmission since we can reduce the envelope fluctuations of the transmitted signals, while keeping essentially the same spectral efficiency of the conventional MC-CDMA transmission

Analytical evaluation of nonlinear effects in MC-CDMA signals

In this paper we present an analytical tool for the per formance evaluation of nonlinear effects in MC-CDMA signals. This tool takes advantage of the Gaussian-like behavior of MC-CDMA signals with a large number of subcarriers and employs results on memoryless nonlinear devices with Gaussian inputs so as to characterize statis tically the signals at the output of the nonlinear device. This characterization is then used for an analytical com putation of the SIR levels (Signal-to-Interference Ratio) and the BER performance (Bit Error Rate). A set of numerical results is presented and discussed, showing the accuracy of the proposed analytical BER per formance analysis

An iterative detection technique for DS-CDMA signals with strong nonlinear distortion effects

Whenever a DS-CDMA signal (direct sequence code division multiple access) is the sum of several components associated to different spreading codes (e.g., the DS-CDMA signal to be transmitted by the BS (Base Station) in the downlink, or any multicode DS- CDMA signal), it has high envelope fluctuations, and a high PMEPR (Peak-to-Mean Envelope Power Ratio) setting strong linearity requirements for the power amplifiers. For this reason, it is desirable to reduce the envelope fluctuations of the transmitted signals. A promising class of nonlinear signal processing schemes, combining a nonlinear operation in the time- domain with a linear, frequency-domain filtering operation, was recently proposed for reducing the envelope fluctuations (and, inherently, the PMEPR) of DS-CDMA signals, while maintaining the spectral occupation of the corresponding conventional DS-CDMA signals. However, the performance degradation due to the nonlinear distortion effects on the transmitted signals can be relatively high, especially when a low PMEPR is intended. This can be especially serious if different powers are assigned to different spreading codes. To avoid significant performance degradation in these situations, we consider improved receiver where there is an iterative estimation and cancelation of nonlinear distortion effects. Our performance results show that the proposed receiver allows significant performance improvements after just a few iterations, even when we have strong nonlinear distortion effects

Iterative detection of multicode DS-CDMA signals with strongly nonlinear transmitters

Whenever a DS-CDMA signal is the sum of several components associated to different spreading codes it has high envelope fluctuations and a high peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) setting strong linearity requirements for the power amplifiers. The use of clipping and filtering techniques (which can be repeated several times) was shown to be an effective way of reducing the PMEPR of DS-CDMA signals. We consider an improved receiver where there is an iterative estimation and cancelation of nonlinear distortion effects. The proposed receiver allows significant performance improvements after just a few iterations, even when we have strong nonlinear distortion effects

Turbo multiuser detection for MC-CDMA signals with strongly nonlinear transmitters

In this paper we consider the uplink transmission in MC-CDMA (multicarrier -coded division multiple access) systems. Since MC-CDMA signals are OFDM-like multicarrier signals, they have high envelope fluctuations and a high PMEPR (Peak-to-Mean Envelope Power Ratio) which leads to amplification difficulties. To reduce the envelope fluctuations of the transmitted signals, while maintaining the spectral efficiency, the MC-CDMA signal associated to each MT (mobile terminal) is submitted to a clipping device, followed by a frequency-domain filtering operation. However, the nonlinear distortion effects can be high when an MC-CDMA transmitter with reduced envelope fluctuations is intended. In this paper, we define an iterative receiver that jointly performs a turbo-MUD (Multiuser Detection) and the estimation and cancellation of the nonlinear distortion effects. The set of simulation results presented shows that the proposed receiver structure allows good performances, very close to the linear receiver ones, even for high system load and/or when a low-PMEPR is intended for each MT

Frequency-domain multiuser detection for CP-assisted DS-CDMA signals

In this paper we consider the use of CP-assisted (cyclic prefix) DS-CDMA schemes (direct sequence code division multiple access) in broadband wireless systems. We present an iterative, frequency-domain MUD (multiuser detection) receiver for the uplink transmission that combines IB-DFE (iterative block decision feedback equalization) principles with serial interference cancellation. It is shown that the performance proposed receiver can be close to the single-user MFB (matched filter bound), even for fully loaded systems, in severely time-dispersive channel and/or in the presence of strong interfering signals